There is no healthy way to consume alcohol, despite claims from some sources. The reality is that alcohol consumption carries risks, regardless of the amount—whether moderate, occasional, or casual. These risks only increase with higher consumption levels and can be influenced by factors such as genetics, gender, body weight, and a family history of alcoholism.

A recent article entitled Evidence Against Drinking Has Grown. Will Federal Advice Change? in The New York Times reinforces what scientists worldwide have consistently stated: no amount of alcohol is safe. This raises an important question: will the FDA and other health authorities have the courage to share these findings with the American public? That’s precisely the issue highlighted in the New York Times article.

Alcohol affects nearly every system in the body. Here’s a breakdown of its impact:

Brain and Nervous System

• Slows down brain function, impairing judgment, coordination, and reaction time
• Disrupts neurotransmitter balance, leading to mood swings and anxiety
• Increases the risk of mental health disorders, including depression and memory loss
• Can cause blackouts and long-term cognitive decline with excessive use

Heart and Cardiovascular System

• Raises blood pressure and heart rate
• Increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and irregular heartbeat
• Can weaken heart muscles (cardiomyopathy), leading to heart failure

Liver

• Forces the liver to prioritize alcohol metabolism, slowing fat burning
• Leads to fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis over time
• Increases the risk of liver cancer

Digestive System

• Irritates the stomach lining, causing gastritis, ulcers, and acid reflux
• Disrupts nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies (especially B vitamins)
• Increases the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

Immune System

• Weakens immune defenses, making the body more prone to infections
• Reduces the production of white blood cells

Hormonal System

• Disrupts hormone production, leading to imbalances in testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol
• Impairs reproductive health, affecting fertility and sexual function

Weight and Metabolism

• Contributes to weight gain due to high-calorie content and disrupted fat metabolism
• Increases visceral fat accumulation (fat around internal organs)

Cancer Risk

• Increases the risk of several cancers: mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, breast, and colon
• Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Mental Health

• Increases the risk of anxiety, depression, and alcohol dependence
• Can worsen existing mental health conditions

Skin and Appearance

• Dehydrates the skin, causing dryness and premature aging
• Triggers inflammation, leading to redness, puffiness, and breakouts

Sleep and Energy

• Disrupts sleep cycles, causing poor sleep quality and fatigue
• Contributes to insomnia despite causing drowsiness initially

Even small amounts of alcohol can trigger these effects, and the risks increase with higher consumption.